ΛΑΤΙΝΙΚΑ Γ΄ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ

ΜΑΘΗΜΑ  ΧΧΙ                                                                                                                                                        ΠΩΣ  ΠΗΡΕ  ΤΟ  ΟΝΟΜΑ  ΤΟΥ  ΤΟ  PISAURUM

ΜΕΤΑΦΡΑΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                              Με  αρχηγό  τον  Βρέννο  ( ή  όταν  ήταν  αρχηγός  ο  Βρέννος ),  οι  Γαλάτες,  αφού  κατατρόπωσαν  τις  λεγεώνες  των  Ρωμαίων  κοντά  στον  Αλία  ποταμό,  κατέστρεψαν  εντελώς  την  πόλη  Ρώμη,  εκτός  από  το  Καπιτώλιο,  ως  αντάλλαγμα  του  οποίου  πήραν  τεράστια  χρηματικά  ποσά.  Τότε  ο  Κάμιλλος,  ο  οποίος  για  πολύ  καιρό  είχε  βρεθεί  στην  εξορία  κοντά  στην  Αρδέα,  εξαιτίας  της  λείας  από  τους  Βηίους  που  δεν  είχε  μοιραστεί  ακριβοδίκαια,  εκλέχθηκε  δικτάτορας.  Αυτός  ακολούθησε  τους  Γαλάτες,  ενώ  ήδη  έφευγαν.  Αφού  τους  εξολόθρεψε  πήρε  πίσω  όλο  το  χρυσάφι.  Αυτό  επειδή  είχε  ζυγιστεί  εκεί  έδωσε  το  όνομα  στην  πολιτεία : γιατί ( ή  δηλαδή )  ονομάζεται  Πίσαυρο,  επειδή  εκεί  ζυγίστηκε  το  χρυσάφι.  Μετά  από  αυτή  την  πράξη  γύρισε  στην  εξορία,  απ’ όπου  όμως  επέστρεψε,  αφού  παρακλήθηκε.

OYΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                  Α  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                                  ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                         Αllia-ae = ο  Αλίας  ( ποταμός )                                                                                                                                                         

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                          Ardea-ae = η  Αρδέα ( πόλη  του  Λατίου )                                                                                                                             pecunia-ae = τα  χρήματα                                                                                                                                   ο  πληθυντικός  έχει  την  ίδια  σημασία                                                                                            praeda-ae = η  λεία                                                                                                                                                                      Roma-ae = η  Ρώμη ( πόλη )                                                                                                                              μόνο  ενικός                                                                     

B  KΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                                 AΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                               Camillus-i = o  Kάμιλλος                                                                                                                               μόνο  ενικός                                                                                                                                                Gallus-i = ο  Γαλάτης                                                                                                                                 εθνικό  όνομα : εύχρηστος ο πληθυντικός                                                                                       Romanus-i = ο  Ρωμαίος                                                                                                                            εθνικό  όνομα : εύχρηστος ο πληθυντικός                                    

ΟΥΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                                                                                                                                                         aurum-i = το  χρυσάφι                                                                                                                         πληθυντικός : χρυσά  αντικείμενα                                                                                                 Capitolium-ii/i = το  Καπιτώλιο                                                                                                                                                            ex(s)ilium-ii/i = η  εξορία                                                                                                                                                            factum-i = η  πράξη,  το  γεγονός                                                                                                                                                     Ρisaurum-i = το  Πίσαυρο                                                                                                                                   μόνο  ενικός                                                                   

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ

ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ

dictator-oris = ο δικτάτορας                       

dux,ducis = ο αρχηγός

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ

civitas,civitatis = η πολιτεία                                                                                                                            αφαιρετική  ενικού : civitate/i, γενική πληθυντικού: -ium/-um, αιτιατική  πληθυντ.:-es/-is                                                                                                                                                                    legio-ionis = η  λεγεώνα                                                                                                                                                                                                                    urbs-urbis =  η  πόλη                                                         

OYΔETEΡA                                                                                                                                                                                 flumen-inis =  το  ποτάμι                                                                                                                                                                    ius-iuris = το  δίκαιο                                                                                                                                                                     nomen-inis = το  όνομα                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                            ΕΠΙΘΕΤΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Β  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                        aequus-a-um  =  δίκαιος-α-ο,  ίσος-η-ο                                                                                                                                    immensus-a-um  =  τεράστιος-α-ο                                                                                                                     χωρίς  παραθετικά                                                                                                                                Veientanus-a-um = από  τους  Βηίους                                                                                                                χωρίς  παραθετικά                                                               

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                                  omnis-is-e = όλος-η-ο                                                                                                                                          χωρίς  παραθετικά                                                                                          

ΑΝΤΩΝΥΜΙΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                ΑΝΑΦΟΡΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                        qui,  quae,  quod = ο  οποίος-α-ο                                                                                                                                                 

ΔΕΙΚΤΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                         hic,  haec,  hoc = αυτός-ή-ό                                                                                                                                              is,  ea,  id = αυτός-ή-ό

ΡΗΜΑΤΑ                                                                                                                                                                                     A  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                       do,  dedi,  datum,  dare =  δίνω                                                                                                                                                      penso,  pensavi,  pensatum,  pensare = ζυγίζω  συχνά                                                                                                          rogo,  rogavi,  rogatum,  rogare = ρωτώ                                                                                                                             

Β  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                      deleo,  delevi,  deletum,  delere = καταστρέφω,  εξολοθρεύω,  σκοτώνω                                                                       

Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      appendo,  appendi,  appensum,  appendere = ζυγίζω                                                                                                                    dico,  dixi,  dictum,  dicere = λέω                                                                                                                                        β’ ενικό  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα: dic                                                                                                                                           dividο,  divisi,  divisum,  dividere =  μοιράζω,  διαιρώ                                                                                                               everto,  everti,  eversum,  evertere = καταστρέφω  εντελώς                                                                                                     interimo,  interemi,  interemptum,  interimere = εξολοθρεύω                                                                                                

ΣΕ  ΙΟ  Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ                                                                                                                                    accipio,  accepi,  acceptum,  accipere = δέχομαι,  μαθαίνω                                                           recipio,  recepi,  receptum,  recipere = παίρνω  πίσω,  επανακτώ          

                                                                               

ΑΠΟΘΕΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                            sequor,  secutus  sum,  sequi = ακολουθώ                                                                                                                                   revertor,  reversus  sum & reverti,  reverti = επιστρέφω                                                                                      και  ημιαποθετικό                                                   

ΑΝΩΜΑΛΑ                                                                                                                                                                                         absum,  (abfui) & afui, - , abesse = απουσιάζω,  λείπω                                                                                                              abeo,  abii,  abitum,  abire = φεύγω                                                                                                                                        fio,  factus  sum,  fieri = γίνομαι,  εκλέγομαι                                                                                           ενεργητική  φωνή:facio-feci-factum-facere                                                                                                                         redeo,  redii,  reditum,  redire = επιστρέφω                                                                                                                             

ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ                                                                                                                                                                                                   Α.1)   deletis,  iure,  absens,  abeuntes,  aurum,  omne,  hoc  factum : να  κλιθούν.                                                            2)  flumen,  nomen,  quo : να  γραφούν  οι  πλάγιες  πτώσεις  του  άλλου  αριθμού.                                                   3)  interemptis,  divisam : να  γίνει  χρονική  αντικατάσταση  στο  β’ πληθυντικό οριστικής.                         4)  appensum,  pensatum  est,  secutus  est : να  κλιθεί  ο  ενεστώτας  και  ο  μέλλοντας  οριστικής  καθώς  και  τα   ρηματικά  ουσιαστικά  στην  ίδια  φωνή.                                                                     

B.1)  absens,  abeuntes : να  γραφεί  το  γ’ πληθυντικό  σε  όλους  τους  χρόνους  της  οριστικής  και  υποτακτικής  και  τα  ρηματικά  ουσιαστικά.                                                                                                    2)  est  factus : να  γίνει  χρονική  αντικατάσταση  στις  δύο  φωνές.                                                                                        3)  reversus   est : να  κλιθούν  οι  συντελικοί  χρόνοι  στην  υποτακτική,  να  κλιθεί  η  προστακτική  μέλλοντα  και  να  γραφούν  τα  απαρέμφατα.                                                                                            4)  diu,  aequo : να  γίνει  παραθετική  αντικατάσταση.                                                                                                                  

Γ.1)  deletis  legionibus,  quibus  interemptis : να  αναλυθούν  οι  μετοχές  σε  προτάσεις.                                              2)  Brenno  duce,  quo,  quibus : να  δικαιολογηθεί  η  πτώση  τους.                                                                           3)  quod…dedit – quod…pensatum  est : να  αναγνωρίσετε  το  quod και   να  αναφέρετε  πότε  αυτό  εισάγει  κύρια  πρόταση.         

                                                                                            

ΜΑΘΗΜΑ  ΧΧΙΙΙ                                                                                                                                                            ΕΝΑΣ  ΥΠΕΡΟΧΟΣ  ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ

ΜΕΤΑΦΡΑΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                    Ήταν  άρρωστος  ο  Καικίνας  Παίτος,  σύζυγος  της  Αρρίας,  ήταν  άρρωστος  και  ο  γιος.  Ο  γιος  πέθανε.  Η  Αρρία  ετοίμασε  σε  αυτόν  κηδεία  έτσι  ώστε  να  αγνοείται  από  το  σύζυγο.  Όχι  μόνο  αυτό  αλλά  ( ακόμη )  όσες  φορές  εκείνη  είχε  μπει ( ή  έμπαινε )  στην  κρεβατοκάμαρα  του  συζύγου,  προσποιούνταν  ότι  ζούσε  ο  γιος  και  στον  σύζυγο  που  πολύ  συχνά  ρωτούσε,  τι  έκανε  το  παιδί,  απαντούσε : «καλά  κοιμήθηκε,  πρόθυμα  πήρε  την  τροφή ( ή  το  φαγητό )».  Έπειτα,  όταν  τα  δάκρυά  της,  που  είχαν  συγκρατηθεί  για  πολύ  καιρό,  νικούσαν  και  ξεσπούσαν,  έβγαινε ( έξω ).  Τότε  παραδιδόταν  στη  θλίψη  και  λίγο  αργότερα  επέστρεφε  με  μάτια  στεγνά.  Ο  Σκριβωνιανός  είχε  πάρει  τα  όπλα  στην  Ιλλυρία  εναντίον  του  Κλαύδιου.  Ο  Παίτος  είχε  πάει  με  το  μέρος  του  και  αφού  σκοτώθηκε  ο  Σκριβωνιανός  οδηγούνταν  σιδηροδέσμιος  στη  Ρώμη.  Επρόκειτο  να  επιβιβαστεί  σε  πλοίο.  Η  Αρρία  παρακαλούσε  τους  στρατιώτες  να  επιβιβαστεί  μαζί ( του).  Δεν  το  κατόρθωσε.  Νοίκιασε  ψαράδικο  πλοιάριο  και  ακολούθησε  το  μεγάλο  πλοίο.

OYΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                         Α  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                 ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                             lacrima-ae  = το  δάκρυ                                                                                                                                                 navicula-ae = το  πλοιάριο  

Β  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                               ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                          cibus-i  = η  τροφή,  το  φαγητό                                                                                                                             filius-ii/i = ο  γιος                                                                                                                                                   κλητική  ενικού : fili                                                                                                                                    maritus-i = o  σύζυγος                                                                                                                                                                   oculus-i = το  μάτι                                                                                                                                                                                     puer- eri = το  παιδί                                                                                                                                   συγκοπτόμενο                                                                          

ΟΥΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                                                                                                                                              arma-orum = τα  όπλα                                                                                                                                      χωρίς  ενικό                                                                                                                                             cubiculum-i =  η  κρεβατοκάμαρα

Γ΄  ΚΛΙΣΗ

ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ

dolor, doloris = η θλίψη

miles, militis =ο στρατιώτης

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                           navis-is = το πλοίο                                                                              αφαιρετική  ενικού :  nave/-i,              γενική   πληθυντικού : navium                                      αιτιατική  πληθυντικού: naves/-is                                                                                           pars-rtis = το  μέρος,  το  κομμάτι                                                                                                                     γενική  πληθυντικού : partium                                      αιτιατική  πληθυντικού:partes/ -is

ΟΥΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                    

funus-eris = η  κηδεία

ΕΠΙΘΕΤΑ

Β  ΚΛΙΣΗ

Piscatorius –a -um = ψαράδικος –η -ο                                                                                                  χωρίς  παραθετικά                                                                                                                                  siccus-a-um = στεγνός –η- ό                                                                                                                         χωρίς  παραθετικά

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ

Ingens,  ingens,  ingens (γενική ingentis)  = μεγάλος-η-ο

ΑΝΤΩΝΥΜΙΕΣ

ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΕΣ

Se ( γ’ πρόσωπο ) = αυτόν                                                                               χωρίς  ονομαστική                                                                                                                             

Η  ονομαστική  αναπληρώνεται  από  την  αντίστοιχη  πτώση  των  δεικτικών: hic,  ille,  is

ΚΤΗΤΙΚΕΣ

Suus-a-um ( γ’ πρόσωπο ) = δικός  μου,  δική  μου,  δικό  μου

ΔΕΙΚΤΙΚΕΣ

Hic,  haec,  hoc = αυτός-η-ό

Ille, illa, illud = εκείνος-η-ο

Is, ea, id = αυτός-ή-ό

ΕΡΩΤΗΜΑΤΙΚΕΣ

Quis,  quis,  quid = ποιος –α –ό

ΡΗΜΑΤΑ

Α  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ

aegroto,  aegrotavi,  aegrotatum,  aegrotare = είμαι  άρρωστος                                                                           do,  dedi,  datum,  dare = δίνω                                                                                                                                                 ignoro,  ignoravi,  ignoratum,  ignorare = αγνοώ                                                                                                               impetro,  impetravi,  impetratum,  impetrare = κατορθώνω                                                                                        interrogo,  interrogavi,  interrogatum,  interrogare = ρωτώ                                                                                                     intro,  intravi,  intratum,  intrare = μπαίνω                                                                                                                 oro,  oravi,  oratum,  orare = παρακαλώ                                                                                                                          paro,  paravi,  paratum,  parare = ετοιμάζω                                                                                                                                   simulo,  simulavi,  simulatum,  simulare = προσποιούμαι                                                                              + ειδικό  απαρέμφατο

Β  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ

Cohibeo,  cohibui,  cohibitum,  cohibere = συγκρατώ                                                                                                   moveo,  movi,  motum,  movere = κινώ                                                                                                                               respondeo,  respondi,  responsum,  respondere = απαντώ                                                                                 + αιτιατική (άμεσο  αντικείμενο)  και  δοτική  προσώπου (έμμεσο  αντικείμενο)

Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ

ago,  egi,  actum,  agere = άγω,  κάνω (εδώ)                                                                                                              ascendo,  ascendi,  ascensum,  ascendere = ανεβαίνω                                                                conduco,  conduxi,  conductum,  conducere = ενοικιάζω                                                                                                   impono,  imposui,  impositum,  imponere = επιβιβάζω                                                                                                   occido,  occidi,  occisum,  occidere = σκοτώνω                                                                                                                      prorumpo,  prorupi,  proruptum,  prorumpere = ξεσπώ                                                                                             quiesco,  quievi,  quietum,  quiescere = κοιμάμαι                                                                                                     sumo,  sumpsi,  sumptum,  sumere =  λαμβάνω,  παίρνω                                                                                                         traho,  traxi,  tractum,  trahere = οδηγώ,  τραβώ                                                                                                            vinco,  vici,  victum,  vincere = νικώ                                                                                                        vivo,  vixi,  victum,  vivere = ζω

ΑΠΟΘΕΤΙΚΑ

Sequor,  secutus  sum,  sequi = ακολουθώ

ΑΠΟΘΕΤΙΚΑ  ΣΕ  ΙΟ  Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ                             

Egredior,  egressus  sum,  egredi = βγαίνω  έξω                                                                                                                       morior,  mortuus  sum,  mori = πεθαίνω                                                                                              μετοχή  μέλλοντα : moriturus

ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ

Α. 1) Να  κλιθούν  τα  προσηγορικά  ουσιαστικά  του  κειμένου.                     

2) huic,  illa, quid, eius : να  κλιθούν  οι  αντωνυμίες  στο ουδέτερο  γένος  στους 2 αριθμούς.

3) bene,  libenter,  diu,  siccis,  ingentem : να  γίνει  παραθετική  αντικατάσταση.

4) quievit,  secuta  est,  erat  ascensurus,  mortuus  est : να  γίνει  χρονική  αντικατάσταση  στην  υποτακτική.

5) redibat,  egrediebatur : να  κλιθούν  οι  ενεστωτικοί  χρόνοι  όλων  των  εγκλίσεων.

6) ignoraretur,  interroganti,  ageret : να  γίνει  χρονική  αντικατάσταση.

7) cohibitae : να  κλιθεί  η  προστακτική  ενεστώτα  και  μέλλοντα  και  να  γραφούν  τα  απαρέμφατα  με  βάση  το  γένος  του  υποκειμένου  στην  ίδια  φωνή.

Β.1) interroganti,  cohibitae : οι  μετοχές  να  τραπούν  σε  δευτερεύουσες  προτάσεις.

2) cum…vincerent  prorumperentque :  οι  δευτερεύουσες  να  τραπούν  σε  μετοχές

3) erat  ascensurus  navem : να  τραπεί  σε  παθητική  περιφραστική  συζυγία  και  να  επισημανθεί  η  σημασιολογική  διαφορά.

  ΜΑΘΗΜΑ  ΧΧΙV                                                                                                                                                                                TO  ΠΑΘΗΜΑ  ΕΝΟΣ  ΨΕΥΤΗ

ΜΕΤΑΦΡΑΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                  Όταν  ο  Πόπλιος  Κορνήλιος  Νασικάς  είχε  έρθει  στον  Έννιο  τον  ποιητή  και  σ’ αυτόν  που  ζητούσε  τον  Έννιο  από  την  πόρτα  είχε  πει  η  υπηρέτρια  ότι  αυτός  δεν  ήταν  στο  σπίτι,  ο  Νασικάς  κατάλαβε  ότι  εκείνη  είχε  πει  αυτό  με  διαταγή  του  αφεντικού  ( ή  του  κυρίου )  της  και  ότι  εκείνος  ήταν  μέσα.  Μάθε  τώρα  τι  έκανε  αργότερα  ο  Νασικάς.  Λίγες  μέρες  αργότερα  όταν  ο  Έννιος  είχε  έρθει  στον  Νασικά  και  τον  ζητούσε  από  την  πόρτα,  αναφώνησε  ο  Νασικάς  ότι  δεν  ήταν  στο  σπίτι,  αν  και  ήταν  στο  σπίτι.  Τότε  ο  Έννιος,  επειδή  είχε  αγανακτήσει  γιατί  ο  Νασικάς  τόσο  φανερά  έλεγε  ψέματα,  είπε : «Τι  είναι ( ή  τι  συμβαίνει ) ;  Εγώ  δε  γνωρίζω  τη  φωνή  σου ;»  Μήπως  θέλεις  να  μάθεις  τι  απάντησε  ο  Νασικάς ;  «Είσαι  άνθρωπος  αναιδής.  Εγώ,  όταν  σε  ζητούσα,  πίστεψα  στην  υπηρέτριά  σου  ότι  δεν  ήσουν  στο  σπίτι.  Εσύ  δεν  πιστεύεις  εμένα  τον  ίδιο ;»

ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                     Α  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                          ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                         Nasica-ae = ο  Νασικάς                                                                                                                                          χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                                                        poeta-ae = ο  ποιητής

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                ancilla-ae = η  υπηρέτρια                                                                                                                                                    ianua-ae = η  πόρτα,  η  είσοδος

                                                                                                                                         

B  KΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                 AΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                    dominus-I = ο  κύριος,  το  αφεντικό                                                                                                                       Εnnius-ii/i  =  ‘Eννιος                                                                                                                                κλητική  ενικού : Εnni

OYΔETEΡA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ostium-ii/i =  η πόρτα

 Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ    

ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ

homo, hominis = ο άνθρωπος

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ

 vox,vocis = η φωνή

Δ΄ ΚΛΙΣΗ

ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ

Iussus-us = η διαταγή

Ε ΄ ΚΛΙΣΗ

ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ

dies-ei = η  ημέρα                                                                                                                                      είναι  θηλυκό  όταν  σημαίνει  χρόνο  ή  προθεσμία     

ΕΠΙΘΕΤΑ

B  ΚΛΙΣΗ

paucus-a-um = λίγος-η-ο

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ        

Impudens,  impudens,  impudens ( γενική : impudentis ) = αναιδής

ΑΝΤΩΝΥΜΙΕΣ  

ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΕΣ

ego ( α’ πρόσωπο ) = εγώ               

tu  ( β’ πρόσωπο ) = εσύ

ΚΤΗΤΙΚΕΣ    

tuus-a-um ( β’ πρόσωπο, για  έναν  κτήτορα ) = δικός  σου,  δική  σου,  δικό  σου

ΔΕΙΚΤΙΚΕΣ 

ille,  illa, illud = εκείνος-η-ο        

ipse,  ipsa,  ipsum = ο  ίδιος-ια-ιo

is,  ea,  id = αυτός-ή-;o

ΕΡΩΤΗΜΑΤΙΚΕΣ

quis,  quis,  quid = ποιος-α-o

ΡΗΜΑΤΑ

Α  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ

Exclamo,  exclamavi,  exclamatum,  exclamare = αναφωνώ

ΑΠΟΘΕΤΙΚΑ  A  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ

Indignor,  indignatus  sum,  indignari = αγανακτώ

Β  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ

Respondeo-respondi-responsum-respondere = απαντώ                                                                                                         +   αιτιατική(άμεσο  αντικείμενο)  και  δοτική  προσώπου(έμμεσο  αντικείμενο)

Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ

Cognosco,  cognovi,  cognitum,  cognoscere = γνωρίζω

Credo,  credidi,  creditum,  credere = πιστεύω                                                                                    +  δοτική  και  ειδικό  απαρέμφατο

Dico,  dixi,  dictum,  dicere = λέω                                                                                                                           β’ ενικό  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα : dic

Quaero,  quaesivi,  quaesitum,  quaerere = ζητώ

ΣΕ  -ΙΟ  Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ                                                                                                                                                                           accipio –accepi – acceptum – accipere =  μαθαίνω                                                                                                           facio – feci – factum – facere = κάνω                                                                                                                    β’ ενικό  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα: fac

Παθητική  φωνή: fio – factus  sum – fieri

Δ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ

Scio,  scivi,  scitum,  scire = γνωρίζω,  μαθαίνω                                                                                               β’ ενικό  και  πληθυντικό  προστακτικής  μέλλοντα  αναπληρώνουν  τα  αντίστοιχα  πρόσωπα  του  ενεστώτα  ενώ  γ’  ενικό  και  πληθυντικό  προστακτικής  μέλλοντα  χρησιμοποιούνται  σε  νόμους  ή  συνθήκεs

Sentio,  sensi,  sensum,  sentire = καταλαβαίνω,  αισθάνομαι

Venio,  veni,  ventum,  venire = έρχομαι

ΑΠΟΘΕΤΙΚΑ  Δ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ

 Mentior,  mentitus  sum,  mentiri = λέω  ψέματα

EΛΛΕΙΠΤΙΚΑ

Inquam = λέω                                                                                                                                                      σχολική  γραμματική  σελ.92

ΑΝΩΜΑΛΑ

Volo,  volui, - , velle = θέλω

ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ

A.1)  quaerenti,  domi,  impudens,  mihi,  ipsi : να  κλιθούν.                                                                                                                                            2)  quaerenti,  fecerit,  responderit,  quaererem : να  γίνει  χρονική  αντικατάσταση.                                                                        3)  fecerit : να  κλιθεί  η  προστακτική  στις  δύο  φωνές.                                                                                                        4)  mentiebatur,  indignatus : να  κλιθεί  ο  ενεστώτας  και  ο  μέλλοντας  στις  εγκλίσεις.                               5)  scire : να  γίνει  χρονική  αντικατάσταση  στο  β’ ενικό  οριστικής  και  υποτακτικής  και  να  κλιθεί  η  προστακτική  ενεστώτα.                                                                                                                          6)  venisset : να  κλιθεί  ο  ενεστώτας  οριστικής  και  υποτακτικής  και  να  γραφούν  οι  ονοματικοί  τύποι.                                                                                                                                                      7)  impudens,  paucis : να  γραφούν  τα  επιρρήματα  στους  τρεις  βαθμούς.                                                      8)  domi : να  αναφερθούν  οι  επιρρηματικές  πτώσεις  και  η  συντακτική  τους  θέση.                             9)  iussu,  diebus,  se,  ancillae,  domi,  ei,  homo : να  δικαιολογηθεί  η  πτώση  τους.                                                         10)  Ποια  ιδιομορφία  παρουσιάζει  η  δευτερεύουσα  αιτιολογική;

ΜΑΘΗΜΑ  XXV                                                                                                                                                                                 ΠΩΣ  ΕΝΑ  ΣΥΚΟ  ΣΤΑΘΗΚΕ  ΑΦΟΡΜΗ  ΝΑ  ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΑΦΕΙ  Η  ΚΑΡΧΗΔΟΝΑ

ΜΕΤΑΦΡΑΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                         Κάποια  μέρα  ο  Κάτωνας  έφερε  στο  βουλευτήριο  πρώιμο  σύκο  από  την  Καρχηδόνα  και  δείχνοντάς  το  στους  Συγκλητικούς  είπε : « Σας  ρωτώ  πότε  νομίζετε  ότι  κόπηκε  αυτό  το  σύκο  από  το  δέντρο».  Όταν  όλοι  απάντησαν  ότι  ήταν  φρέσκο,  είπε : « κι  όμως  να  ξέρετε  ότι  κόπηκε  στην  Καρχηδόνα  πριν  τρεις  μέρες.  Τόσο  κοντά  στα  τείχη  έχουμε  τον  εχθρό!  Λοιπόν  να  προσέχετε  τον  κίνδυνο,  να  προστατεύετε  την  πατρίδα.  Να  μην  έχετε  εμπιστοσύνη  στις  δυνάμεις  της  πόλης.  Να  αποβάλλετε  την  αυτοπεποίθηση,  που  είναι  υπερβολική  σ’ εσάς.  Να  μην  πιστέψετε  ότι  κανείς  θα  φροντίσει  για  την  πατρίδα,  εάν  εσείς  οι  ίδιοι  δεν  φροντίσετε  για  την  πατρίδα.  Να  θυμάστε  ότι  η  πολιτεία  βρέθηκε  κάποτε  στον  έσχατο  κίνδυνο!».  Και  αμέσως  άρχισε  ο  τρίτος  Καρχηδονιακός  πόλεμος  κατά  τη  διάρκεια  του  οποίου  καταστράφηκε  η  Καρχηδόνα.                                                                                                                

ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                     Α  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                               ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                          curia-ae = το  Βουλευτήριο                                                                                                                                 χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                                                      fiducia-ae = η  αυτοπεποίθηση,  η  εμπιστοσύνη                                                                          patria-ae = η  πατρίδα

Β  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                             ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                            murus-i = ο  τοίχος,  το  τείχος                                                                                                                     muri-orum = τα  τείχη

UHLYKA                                                                                                                                                                                           Ficus-i = to  s;yko                                                                                                                                                     eter;oklito Qficus-us 

OYΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                                                                                                                                                     bellum-i = o  πόλεμος                                                                                                                          periculum-i = o  κίνδυνος

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                              ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                 Cato-onis = ο  Κάτωνας                                                                                                                                                                  hostis-is = ο  εχθρός                                                                                                                                                                           pater-tris =  ο  πατέρας                                                                                                                            patres-um = οι  πατέρες,  οι  Συγκλητικοί                          

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                       arbor-oris = το  δέντρο                                                                                                                                                       Carthago-inis = η  Καρχηδόνα                                                                                                                                    χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                                                     (ops) opis = η  βοήθεια                                                                                                                               opes-opum = οι  δυνάμεις                                                                                                                                                    urbs, urbis = η  πόλη                                                                           

ΟΥΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                                                                                                                                                  discrimen-inis = ο  κίνδυνος

Ε  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                               ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                            dies, diei = η  μέρα                                                                                                                                      είναι  θηλυκό  όταν  σημαίνει  χρόνο  ή  προθεσμία                                 

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                        res-rei =  το  πράγμα

ΕΠΙΘΕΤΑ                                                                                                                                                                                               Β  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                           exterus-a-um = ο-η-το  έξω                                                                                                                    exterior – ior – ius,  extremus – a – um και extimus – a - um                                                                                                                                            nimius-a-um = υπερβολικός-η-ό                                                                                                                 magis  nimius – a – um,  maxime  nimius – a - um                                                                                                                                                               Punicus-a-um = Καρχηδονιακός-ή-ό                                                                                                        χωρίς  παραθετικά

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                           omnis, omnis, omne = όλος-η-ο                                                                                                                χωρίς  παραθετικά                                                                                                                                     praecox, praecox, praecox ( γεν. praecocis ) = πρώιμος-η-ο                                                                                           recens, recens, recens ( γεν. recentis ) = πρόσφατος-η-ο

ΑΝΤΩΝΥΜΙΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                        tu ( β’ πρόσωπο ) = εσύ                   

ΔΕΙΚΤΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                      hic, haec, hoc = αυτός-η-ό                                                                                                                                                                       ipse, ipsa, ipsum = o ίδιος-ια-ιο

ΑΟΡΙΣΤΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                                 nemo ( ουσιαστική ) = κανείς                                                                                                                                           quidam, quaedam, quoddam ( επιθετική ) = κάποιος-α-ο      

ΡΗΜΑΤΑ                                                                                                                                                                                  Α  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                interrogo,  interrogavi, interrogatum,  interrogare = ρωτώ                                                                                                             puto,  putavi,  putatum,  putare = νομίζω,  θεωρώ                                                                                                                   ΑΠΟΘΕΤΙΚΑ  Α  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ                                                                                                                                                                              tutor, tutatus  sum,  tutari =  προστατεύω

Β  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                               caveo,  cavi,  cautum,  cavere = προσέχω,  φυλάγομαι                                                                                                         deleo,  delevi,  deletum,  delere = καταστρέφω,  εξολοθρεύω                                                                                                habeo,  habui,  habitum,  habere = έxω         

Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                    consulo,  consului,  consultum,  consulere =   φροντίζω                                                                                +  δοτική  προσωπική  χαριστική                                                                                                           credo,  credidi,  creditum,  credere = πιστεύω                                                                                                                               decerpo,  decerpsi,  decerptum,  decerpere =  κόβω                                                                                                 depono,  deposui,  depositum,  deponere = αποβάλλω                                                                                        dico,  dixi,  dictum,  dicere = λέω                                                                                                                     β’ ενικό  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα =  dic                                                                                                     ostendo,  ostendi,  ostentum,  ostendere = δείχνω                                                                                       +  αιτιατική     +  δοτική                                                                                                                           sumo,  sumpsi,  sumptum,  sumere = παίρνω                                                                                           sumo  bellum = αρχίζω  πόλεμο

 ΗΜΙΑΠΟΘΕΤΙΚΟ  Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ                                                                                                                                                             confido, confisus  sum,  confidere = εμπιστεύομαι                                                                                          +  αφαιρετική  οργανική  μέσου

Δ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                            scio,  scivi/ii,  scitum,  scire = γνωρίζω                           το  β΄ενικό  και  β΄ πληθυντικό  προστακτικής  μέλλοντα  αναπληρώνουν  τα  αντίστοιχα  πρόσωπα  της  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα  -   το  γ’ ενικό  και  γ’ πληθυντικό  προστακτικής  μέλλοντα  χρησιμοποιείται  σε  νόμους  και  συνθήκες

ΑΝΩΜΑΛΑ                                                                                                                                                                                 (adfero)/affero,  attuli,  allatum,  (adferre)/afferre = φέρνω  (κάπου)                                                                   β’ ενικό  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα :  affer                                                                                                                            nolo,  nolui, - , nolle = δεν  θέλω                                                                                                                              η  προστακτική  ενεστώτα  δηλώνει  έντονη  απαγόρευση                                                                sum,  fui, -,   esse =  είμαι,  υπάρχω

ΕΛΛΕΙΠΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                             inquam, ( inquii ), - , -   = λέγω                             σχολική  γραμματική  σελ.  92                                                                -  ,  memini,  -  ,  meminisse  =  θυμάμαι          (  Παρακείμενος  με  σημασία  ενεστώτα,  υπερσυντέλικος  με  σημασία  παρατατικού,  συντελεσμένος  μέλλοντας  με  σημασία  μέλλοντα.  Με  σημασία  συντελικών  χρόνων  χρησιμοποιείται  το  recordor,  recordatus  sum,  recordari = θυμάμαι. Μόνο  προστακτική  μέλλοντα β’ ενικό = memento,  β’ πληθυντικό = mementote )

ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ

Α.1)  Quodam  die,  hanc  ficum,  tertium  diem,  extremo  discrimine : να  γραφούν  οι  συνεκφορές  στον  αριθμό  όπου  βρίσκονται.                                                                                                       2)  Neminem : να  γραφούν  οι  πλάγιες  πτώσεις  ενικού  και  στα  3  γένη.                                                             3)  Patribus,  opibus : να  κλιθούν  και  στους  δύο  αριθμούς.                                                                                     4)  Praecocem,  ficum,  muris : να  κλιθούν  στον  άλλο  αριθμό.                                                                                                5)  Attulit,  ostendens,  tutamini,  credideritis : να  γίνει  χρονική  αντικατάσταση.                                                   6)  Putetis,  scitote,  tutamini : να  γίνει  εγκλιτική  αντικατάσταση.                                                                                         7)  Confidere,  sumptum  est,  dixissent :  να  κλιθεί  ο  ενεστώτας  και  ο  μέλλοντας  προστακτικής  της  ίδιας  φωνής.

Β.1)  Nolite  confidere  viribus  urbis,  Neminem  credideritis  consulturum  esse  patriae :    να  γραφούν  με  ισοδύναμο  τρόπο.                                                                                                           2)  Να  συμπληρωθούν  τα  κενά  με  τον  κατάλληλο  τύπο  της  λέξης  που  βρίσκεται  στην  παρένθεση :  Cicero  …………….   ………………… multo  confidebat (exercitus  Romanorum),                           Nolite   ……………….  Ficum  ex  arbore ( decerpo ),                                                                                                                          Ne  ……………….  haec  exempla  ( imitor )                                                                                                                           3)  Carthagine,  partibus,  recentem, muris,  opibus,  vobis : να  δικαιολογήσετε  την  πτώση  των  παραπάνω  λέξεων.

ΜΑΘΗΜΑ  ΧΧVII

                                                                                                                                                                    ΜΕΤΑΦΡΑΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                              Όταν  ο  Άκκιος  ήρθε  από  την  πόλη  Ρώμη  στον  Τάραντα,  όπου  ο  Πακούβιος  είχε  αποσυρθεί  σε  μεγάλη  πια  ηλικία,  κατέλυσε  σ’ αυτόν.  Ο  Άκκιος,  ο  οποίος  ήταν  πολύ  μικρότερος  στην  ηλικία,  διάβασε  σ’ αυτόν  επειδή ( την ) επιθυμούσε  την  τραγωδία  του,  που  ονομάζεται  «Ατρέας».  Τότε  ο  Πακούβιος  είπε  ότι  αυτά  που  είχε  γράψει  ήταν  βέβαια  ηχηρά  και  μεγάλα  αλλά  όμως  του  φαίνονταν ( αυτά ) κάπως  τραχιά  και  άγουρα.  Έτσι  είναι – είπε  ο  Άκκιος -  όπως  λες.  Και  δε  μετανοιώνω  βέβαια  γι’ αυτό.  Γιατί  ελπίζω  ότι  θα  είναι  καλύτερα  αυτά  τα  οποία  θα  γράψω  στη  συνέχεια.  Γιατί  λένε  πως  αυτό  το  οποίο  συμβαίνει  με  τους  καρπούς,  το  ίδιο  συμβαίνει  και  με  τα  πνεύματα : όσοι  γεννιούνται  σκληροί  και  άγουροι,  αργότερα  γίνονται  γινωμένοι  και  ευχάριστοι.  Αλλά  όσοι  γεννιούνται  από  την  αρχή  μαραμένοι  και  μαλακοί,  δε  γίνονται  αργότερα  ώριμοι  αλλά  σάπιοι.

ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                      Α  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                         ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 tragoedia-ae = η τραγωδία 

B  KΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                         ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                        Accius-ii/i = ο  Άκκιος                                                                                                                                 κλητική  ενικού : Acci,  χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                              Atreus-i = o  Aτρέας                                                                                                                                        χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                                               Pacuvius-ii/i = ο  Πακούβιος                                                                                                                 κλητική  ενικού : Pacuvi,  χωρίς  πληθυντικό

ΟΥΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                                                                                                                                                ingenium-ii/i= το  πνεύμα                                                                                                                                                    pomum-i = ο  καρπός                                                                                                                                                               Tarentum-i = ο  Τάραντας                                                                                                                                            χωρίς  πληθυντικό        

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                               ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                      aetas-atis = η  ηλικία                                                                                                                                      γενική  πληθυντικού : aetatum/ium,  αιτιατική  πληθυντικού:-es/-is                                          urbs-is = η  πόλη                                                                                                                                          γενική  πληθυντικού : urbium, αιτιατική  πληθυντικού:  urbes/-is 

ΟΥΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                                                                                                                                                        nomen-inis = το  όνομα

ΕΠΙΘΕΤΑ                                                                                                                                                                                      Β  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                                  acerbus-a-um = πικρός-ή-ό,  άγουρος-η-ο                                                                                                                               bonus-a-um =  καλός-ή-ό                                                                                                                   παραθετικά : melior-ior-ius,   optimus-a-um                                                                                     durus-a-um = σκληρός-ή-ό,  τραχύς-ιά-ύ                                                                                                                      iucundus-a-um = ευχάριστος-η-ο                                                                                                                               maturus-a-um = ώριμος-η-ο                                                                                                                 υπερθετικός : maturissimus-a-um,  maturrimus-a-um                                                                       parvus-a-um = μικρός-ή-ό                                                                                                                          παραθετικά : minor-or-us,  minimus-a-um                                                                                     sonorus-a-um = ηχηρός-ή-ό                                                                                                                                      vietus-a-um = μαραμένος-η-ο                                                                                          

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                          = μεγάλος-η-ο                                                                                                                                                                    = γλυκύς-ιά-ύ                                                                                                                                                              = μαλακός-ή-ό            

ΑΝΤΩΝΥΜΙΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                            ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                                         egο ( α’  πρόσωπο ) = εγώ                                                                                                                                                   se ( γ’  πρόσωπο ) = αυτός

KTHTIKEΣ                                                                                                                                                                                              suus-a-um ( γ’  πρόσωπο,  ένας  κτήτορας ) = δικός  του,  δική  του,  δικό  του

ΔΕΙΚΤΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                        idem,  eadem,  idem = αυτός  ο  ίδιος-ια-ο                                                                                                                           is,  ea,  id = αυτός-ή-ό

ΑΝΑΦΟΡΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                            qui,  quae,  quod = ο  οποίος-α-ο

ΡΗΜΑΤΑ                                                                                                                                                                                           Α  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                        desidero,  desideravi,  desideratum,  desiderare = επιθυμώ                                                                                                spero,  speravi,  speratum,  sperare = ελπίζω

Β  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                           paenitet,  paenituit, - ,paenitere = μετανιώνω                                               εδώ  προσωπικό-  απρόσωπο:       + αιτιατική  προσώπου  που  μετανιώνει + γενική  του  πράγματος                                                                             video,  vidi,  visum,  videre = βλέπω                                                                                                          videor + δοτική + απαρέμφατο = φαίνομαι

Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                  deverto/devertor,  deverti,  deversum,  devertere/deverti = καταλύω,  μένω                       ενεργητικό  και  ημιαποθετικό                                                                                                                    dico,  dixi,  dictum,  dicere = λέω                                                                                                                    β’  ενικό  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα : dic                                                                                                      gigno,  genui,  genitum,  gignere = γεννώ                                                                                                                                   lego,  legi,  lectum,  legere = διαβάζω                                                                                                                                                               recedο,  recessi,  recessum,  recedere = αποσύρομαι                                                                                           scribo,  scripsi,  scriptum,  scribere = γράφω 

AΠΟΘΕΤΙΚΑ   Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ                                                                                                                                                                                  nascor,  natus  sum,  nasci = γεννιέμαι                                                                                                        μτχ. Μέλλοντα : nasciturus-ura-urum     

Δ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                  venio,  veni,  ventum,  venire = έρχομαι       

ΕΛΛΕΙΠΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                  aio,  ait,---,  ---- = λέω                                                                                                                                                             inquam = λέω                                                                                                                              χρησιμοποιείται  μόνο  παρενθετικά

ANΩΜΑΛΑ                                                                                                                                                                                             fio,  factus  sum, fieri =  γίνομαι                                                                                               χρησιμοποιείται  ως  παθητικό  του    facio        

ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ                                                                                                                                                                              Α. 1) aetate,  urbe,  acerbiora,  mitia : να  κλιθούν  στον  άλλο  αριθμό.                                                                         2)  Να  επισημανθούν  οι  αντωνυμίες  του  κειμένου  και  να  γραφούν  στην  ίδια  πτώση  του  άλλου  αριθμού.                                                                                                                                                                3)  putria : να  κλιθεί  στο  αρσενικό  γένος  στους  δύο  αριθμούς.                                                                                        4)  grandi, duriora,  meliora,  matura,  mitia : α) να  γραφεί  η  γενική,  αιτιατική  και  αφαιρετική  ενικού  και  πληθυντικού  σε  όλους  τους  βαθμούς  του  επιθέτου,  β)  να  γραφούν  τα  επιρρήματα.                                                                                                                                               5)  nascuntur,  fiunt,  gignuntur : να  γίνει  χρονική  αντικατάσταση  με  βάση  το  υποκείμενο  και  να  γραφούν  οι  μετοχές  και  το  γερουνδιακό.                                                                                                6)  devertit : να  γραφούν  οι  ονοματικοί  τύποι  και  να  κλιθεί  η  προστακτική  ενεστώτα.                                       7)  desideranti : να  γίνει  εγκλιτική  αντικατάσταση  στον  ίδιο  χρόνο  στο  β’ πληθυντικό.

Β. 1)  ex  urbe,  aetate,  ea,  sibi,  cui,  Athenis : να  γίνει  συντακτική  αναγνώριση.                                 2)  multo,  minor,  acerbiora,  duriora,  meliora :  α) να  συνταχθούν,  β)  τι  παρατηρείτε  σχετικά  με  τον  τρόπο  σύγκρισης ;                                                                                                                        3)  neque …………. me  sane  paenitet ( verba  mea ) : να  συμπληρωθεί.                                                                         4)  quae  scripsisset,  quae  scribam : να  δικαιολογηθεί  η  έγκλιση  εκφοράς.

                                                                                                                               

 ΜΑΘΗΜΑ  ΧΧVIII                                                                                                                                                                  ΣΤΑ  ΙΧΝΗ  ΕΝΟΣ  ΔΡΑΠΕΤΗ  ΔΟΥΛΟΥ

                                                                                                                                                           METAΦΡΑΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                     Ο  Λίκινος,  δούλος  του  Αισώπου  μας,  γνωστός  σ’ εσένα  έφυγε  από  την  πολη  Ρώμη  στην  Αθήνα.  Αυτός  βρέθηκε  ως  ελεύθερος  στην  Αθήνα  κοντά  στον  Πάτρωνα  τον  επικούρειο  λίγους  μήνες,  από  εκεί  έφυγε  για  την  Ασία.  Αργότερα,  κάποιος  Πλάτωνας  από  τις  Σάρδεις,  αφού  είχε  πληροφορηθεί  από  γράμμα  του  Αισώπου  ότι  αυτός  ήταν  δραπέτης,  συνέλαβε  τον  άνθρωπο  και  τον  παρέδωσε  στη  φυλακή  στην  Έφεσο.  Εσύ  αναζήτησε  τα  ίχνη  του  ανθρώπου,  παρακαλώ,  και  με  πολύ  μεγάλη  φροντίδα  είτε  να  τον  στείλεις  στη  Ρώμη  είτε  επιστρέφοντας  από  την  Έφεσο  να  τον  οδηγήσεις  μαζί  σου.  Να  μη  σε  απασχολεί  πόση  αξία  έχει  ο  άνθρωπος.  Γιατί  είναι  μικρής  χρηματικής  αξίας  όποιος  είναι  τέτοιος  «μασκαράς».  Αλλά  εξ’ αιτίας  της  ελεεινής  πράξης  και  του  θράσους  του  δούλου  τόσο  έχει  οργιστεί  ο  Αίσωπος  ώστε  τίποτα  δε  θα  μπορούσε  να  είναι  πιο  ευχάριστο  σε  αυτόν  από  την  επανάκτηση  του  δραπέτη.

ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                             Α  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                              ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                         Asia – ae = η  Ασία                                                                                                                                                   χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                                                 Αthenae – arum = η  Αθήνα                                                                                                                                      χωρίς  ενικό                                                                                                                                               audacia – ae = το  θράσος                                                                                                                                              custodia – ae = η  φυλακή                                                                                                                                 diligentia – ae = η  φροντίδα,  η  επιμέλεια                                                                                                              littera – ae = το  γράμμα ( του  αλφαβήτου )                                                                                        litterae – arum = το  γράμμα,  η  επιστολή                   

B  KΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                      AΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                Aesopus – i = ο  Αίσωπος                                                                                                                                         χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                                                         fugitivus – i = ο  δραπέτης                                                                                                                                                                              Licinus – i = ο  Λίκινος                                                                                                                                    χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                                                          servus – i= ο  δούλος

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                  Ephesus – i = η  Έφεσος                                                                                                                                                    χωρίς  πληθυντικό                              

ΟΥΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                                                                                                                                           nihilum – i =  το  τίποτα                                                                                                                                                              χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                                                     pretium – ii/i = η  αξία

Γ  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                        ΑΡΣΕΝΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                               dolor - oris  = ο  πόνος,  η  οργή                                                                                                                 homo - inis = ο  άνθρωπος                                                                                                                                                                                                                 mensis – is = ο  μήνας                                                                                                                                                 γενική  πληθυντικού : ium,  αιτιατική  πληθυντικού:-es/-is                                                                Patro – onis = ο  Πάτρωνας                                                                                                                αρχαιόκλιτο,  χωρίς  πληθυντικό                                                                                                            Plato – onis = ο  Πλάτωνας                                                                                                              αρχαιόκλιτο,  χωρίς  πληθυντικό

ΘΗΛΥΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                             recuperatio – ionis = η  επανάκτηση                                                                

ΟΥΔΕΤΕΡΑ                                                                                                                                                                                 scelus – eris = το  έγκλημα,  η  ελεεινή  πράξη

ΕΠΙΘΕΤΑ                                                                                                                                                                                   Β  ΚΛΙΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                                              epicureus-a-um  = επικούρειος                                                                                                                                    χωρίς  παραθετικά                                                                                                                                  gratus-a-um = ευχάριστος                                                                                                                                                     liber- era- erum = ελεύθερος                                                                                                                 υπερθετικός:  liberrimus –rima -rimum                                                                                               parvus- a- um = μικρός                                                                                                                                    minor – or – us,  minimus –a -um                                                                                                                    paucus –a –um = λίγος                                                                                                                                                                       Sardianus –a –um = Σαρδιανός ( από  τις  Σάρδεις )                                                                                                                  χωρίς  παραθετικά                                                                                                                                    superus –a –um = ο  άνω                                                                                                                           superior –ior –ius,  supremus –a –um/ summus –a -um                          

ANTΩΝΥΜΙΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                          ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                          tu  ( β’ πρόσωπο ) = εσύ

KTHTIKEΣ                                                                                                                                                                                                   noster –stra –strum ( α’ πρόσωπο,  πολλοί  κτήτορες )  = δικός-ή-ό  μας

ΔΕΙΚΤΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                  is-ea-id  = αυτός –ή -ό                                                                                                                                                tantus –a -um = τόσος –η –ο                                                                                             

ΕΡΩΤΗΜΑΤΙΚΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                quantus –a –um = όσος –η –ο                                                                                          

ΑΟΡΙΣΤΕΣ                                                                                                                                                                                    nihil = τίποτα ( συσχετική )

ΡΗΜΑΤΑ                                                                                                                                                                                   Α  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                       investigo,  investigavi,  investigatum,  investigare = αναζητώ  τα  ίχνη                                                                            specto,  spectavi,  spectatum,  spectare = κοιτάζω,  προσέχω

Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                                            cognosco,  cognovi,  cognitum,  cognoscere = γνωρίζω                                                                                             compre(he)ndo,  compre(he)ndi,  compre(he)nsum,  compre(he)ndere = συλλαμβάνω                                             deduco,  deduxi,  deductum,  deducere = οδηγώ,  φέρνω                                                                                                                 β’ ενικό  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα : deduc                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    mitto,  misi,  missum,  mittere = στέλνω                                                                                                                      nosco,  novi,  notum,  noscere = γνωρίζω                                                                                                                                   trado,  tradidi,  traditum,  tradere = παραδίνω

ΣΕ  -ΙΟ  Γ  ΣΥΖΥΓΙΑΣ                                                                                                                                 adficio,  adfeci,  adfectum,  adficere / afficio,  affeci,  affectum,  afficere = περιβάλλω                          + αφαιρετική  οργανική  μέσου                                                                                                                      β’ ενικό  προστακτικής  ενεστώτα : adfice/ affice                                                                                                                                                                  fugio,  fugi,  fugitum,  fugere = φεύγω 

ΕΛΛΕΙΠΤΙΚΑ                                                                                                                                                                                                                     quaeso,  -  ,  -  ,  quaesere = παρακαλώ                                       ( χρησιμοποιείται  μόνο  παρενθετικά  μετά  από  προστακτική  για  να  μετριαστεί  η  έννοια  της  προσταγής )

ΑΝΩΜΑΛΑ                                                                                                                                                                                    abeo,  abivi/ ii,  abitum,  abire = φεύγω                                                                                                                                     nolo,  nolui,  -  ,  nolle = δε  θέλω                                                                                                                                            possum,  potui,  -  ,  posse = μπορώ,  δύναμαι                                                                                                                             redeo,  redivi/ ii,  reditum,  redire = επιστρέφω

ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ                                                                                                                                                                                         Α. 1)  nostri,  quidam,  tecum,  tanto,  nihil : να  αναγνωρίσετε  το  είδος  των  αντωνυμιών  και  να  τις  κλίνετε  στους  δύο  αριθμούς.                                                                                                                     2) quidam,  nihil :  να  γράψετε  την  ονομαστική  ενικού  και  στα  τρία  γένη  της  αντίστοιχης  ουσιαστικής  της  πρώτης  και  επιθετικής  της  δεύτερης.                                                             3) quanti : να  γραφούν  οι  συσχετικές  αντωνυμίες  στην  ονομαστική  ενικού.                                                      4) paucos  menses,  parvi  preti : να  κλιθούν  οι  συνεκφορές.                                                                                            5) libero,  rediens,  quanti,  nihili,  scelus, : να  κλιθούν  στους  δύο  αριθμούς.                                                                 6) parvi,  summa,  gratius : να  κάνετε  παραθετική  αντικατάσταση  και  να  σχηματίσετε  το  επίρρημα  και  τα  παραθετικά  του.                                                                                                                               7) libero : να  κλιθεί  ο  υπερθετικός  στο  ουδέτερο  γένος,  gratius : να  κλιθεί.                                              8)  notus,  cognovisset : να  γραφούν  οι  αρχικοί  χρόνοι  και  τα  ρηματικά  ουσιαστικά  της  φωνής  στην  οποία  βρίσκεται  κάθε  τύπος.                                                                                                                         9)  fugit,  abiit : να  κλιθεί  η  προστακτική  στον  ενεστώτα  του  πρώτου  ρήματος  και  στο  μέλλοντα  του  δεύτερου.                                                                                                                                                 10)  investiga,  noli,  sit : να  γίνει  εγκλητική  αντικατάσταση.                                                                                         11)  adfectus  est : να  κλιθεί  ο  ενεστώτας  και  ο  μέλλοντας  οριστικής  και  προστακτικής  στις  δύο  φωνές.                                                                                                                                                                        12)  abiit,  posit : εί  το  γ’ πληθυντικό  όλων  των  χρόνων  υποτακτικής.

Β. 1) propter  scelus  et  audaciam / noli  spectare : να  γραφούν  με  ισοδύναμο  τρόπο.                                     2)  quam  recuperatio : να  αναγνωριστεί  συντακτικά  και  να  γραφεί  με  ισοδύναμο  τρόπο.                                                                                                                                                                                 3)  …ut  nihil…fugitivi : να  ξαναγραφεί  η  πρόταση  με  εξάρτηση  adfectus  est ( ιστορικός  παρακείμενος ).                                                                                                                                                                      4)  rediens : να  αναπτυχθεί  η  μετοχή  σε  δευτερεύουσα  πρόταση.                                                                       5)  να  συμπληρωθούν  τα  κενά  με  τον  κατάλληλο  τύπο  της  λέξης  που  βρίσκεται  στην  παρένθεση :                                                                                                                                                    α) Cicero  primum…………………..studuit  et  deinde…………………abiit. ( Roma,  Athenae )                                   B)  Hercules   monumentum………………………habebat.   ( Thebae )                                                                                                 γ)  Aeneas   ………………………….      ……………………………..   navigavit.  ( Africa,  Italia )                                                    δ)  ……………  …………………………    …………………………     Ilia  duos  filios  pariet.  ( post /  trecenti  anni )                                                                                                                                                                                 ε)  ……………………    ……………………..  se  tenebat  …………………..   ( pauci  dies,  Ephesus )                                       στ)  Ille  adductus  erat  ……………………………    ( custodia )                                                                                              6)  Parvi  enim…nihili  est : να  δικαιολογήσετε  την  πτώση  τους.

ΠΩΣ  ΔΗΛΩΝΕΤΑΙ  Ο  ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

Ο  χρόνος  δηλώνεται  με :

1)    ΧΡΟΝΙΚΑ  ΕΠΙΡΡΗΜΑΤΑ  ( postea = μέχρι  τότε,  post = μετά,  adhuc = μέχρι  τότε ),                                                                          2)    in  +  AΦΑΙΡΕΤΙΚΗ     ( σπάνια  με  ex  +  αφαιρετική )        χρονικός  εντοπισμός,                        3)  ΑΠΛΗ  ΑΦΑΙΡΕΤΙΚΗ                                                                     χρονικός  εντοπισμός,                             4)  ANTE  +  ΑΙΤΙΑΤΙΚΗ                                                                      πριν  πόσο  χρόνο,                               5)  POST  +  ΑΙΤΙΑΤΙΚΗ                                                                   μετά  από  πόσο  χρόνο,                                6)  ΑΠΛΗ  ΑΙΤΙΑΤΙΚΗ                                                                          χρονική  διάρκεια    

ΠΩΣ  ΔΗΛΩΝΕΤΑΙ  Ο  ΤΟΠΟΣ

Ο  τόπος  δηλώνεται   :                                                                                                                                              Α.  ΜΕ  ΠΡΟΘΕΣΗ                                                                                                                                                                   1)  IN  +  ΑΦΑΙΡΕΤΙΚΗ                                                                          στάση  σε  τόπο                                                     2)  IN  +  AITIATIKH                                                                               κίνηση  σε  τόπο                                                 3)  EX/  DE/  AB  +  AΦΑΙΡΕΤΙΚΗ                                                        κίνηση  από  τόπο

  Β.  ΧΩΡΙΣ  ΠΡΟΘΕΣΗ                  (όταν  γίνεται  λόγος  για  όνομα  πόλης  ή  μικρού  νησιού )                                  1)  ΓΕΝΙΚΗ                                   ( στάση  σε  τόπο,  αν  το  όνομα  πόλης  είναι  α’  ή  β’ κλίσης                                                                                                     ενικού                αριθμού )                                                                                         2)  ΑΦΑΙΡΕΤΙΚΗ                          ( στάση  σε  τόπο,  αν  το  όνομα  πόλης  είναι  α’  ή  β’  κλίσης                                                                                       πληθυντικού  αριθμού  ή  άλλης  κλίσης  ανεξάρτητα  από                                                                                             τον  αριθμό  ).                                                                                                                 3)  ΑΙΤΙΑΤΙΚΗ                               ( κίνηση  προς  τόπο )                                                                                                                     4)  ΑΦΑΙΡΕΤΙΚΗ                          ( κίνηση  από  τόπο )